Africa is an area rich in cultures that have been transmitted independently from written documents. Although we tend to evaluate cultural products with historical scales, African cultures simply deny them. In order to understand Africa deeply, it seems necessary to change the way we look at it. This book is a result of Minpaku’s Core Research Project “Anthropology of Cultural Heritage” (FY 2013-2015) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H01400.